Background The number of individuals who experience the onset of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms after the age of 12 years has been growing, which does not meet the diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD. We designated this condition as “pseudo-ADHD” and investigated its psychological implications by comparing the parenting attitudes in childhood and attachment styles among individuals with “pseudo-ADHD,” those with adult ADHD, and healthy controls. Methods We conducted…